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Joseph Clayton Clarke (1857 — 8 August 1937), who worked under the pseudonym "Kyd", was a British artist best known for his illustrations of characters from the novels of Charles Dickens. ==Biography== Born in Onchan on the Isle of Man, the son of Lauris and Eliza Clark, Clarke had many occupations during his lifetime, including designer of cigarette cards and postcards, and as a fore-edge painter principally specializing in characters from the works of Charles Dickens. He worked for ''Punch'' for only one day and then as a freelance artist until 1900. Clarke's Dickens illustrations first appeared in 1887 in ''Fleet Street Magazine'', with two published collections appearing shortly after as ''The Characters of Charles Dickens'' (1889) and ''Some Well Known Characters from the Works of Charles Dickens'' (1892). Early in the twentieth century five sets of postcards based on his Dickens drawings were published, as well as seven sets of non-Dickensian comic cards. From 1927 Clarke earned his living from watercolor sketches, mainly of Dickens' characters, which he sold to and through the London book trade. Frederic G. Kitton referred to Clarke in his book ''Dickens and His Illustrators'' (1890), by which time Clarke's watercolors were already being bought by major Dickens collectors.〔Kitton, Frederic G. ''Dickens and His Illustrators'' (1890) p. 233〕 The auction of the Dickens collection of F W Cosens FSA of Clapham Park, held at Christie's on 17 May 1890, sold a collection of 241 of Clarke's Dickens watercolors, and Tom Wilson, at the time the foremost collector of Dickens, owned 331 of Clarke's drawings. "As a character 'Kyd' emulated those of Dickens and his own illustrations – slightly larger than life. In his style and dress he was mildly flamboyant for the period. He seldom varied his attire from a grey suit, spats, homburg hat, gloves and was never without a carnation or substitute flower in his button hole."〔Sawyer, Richard. "Kyd" (Joseph Clayton Clark): A Preliminary Study of his Life and Work Together with an Essay on Fore-Edge Paintings, 1980. p. 7〕 Apart from his Dickens work, "Kyd" also illustrated humorous series such as "Some Typical Newspaper Readers" (c.1900), "The Book and Its Reader", and "London Types". He also illustrated a series of 50 smokers for Gallaher Ltd.; this series was issued as a set of cigarette cards entitled 'Votaries of the Weed' in 1916. In 1910 the British Museum acquired a collection of 598 drawings and paintings of Clarke's Dickens illustrations, and the Victoria and Albert Museum, Charles Dickens Museum and the University of Texas at Austin each also have significant collections of Clarke's Dickens illustrations.〔(Wark, Robert R., "The Curious Case of Joseph Clayton Clarke", ''Huntington Library Quarterly'', University of California Press, 1996. )〕 Six of his illustrations were issued as stamps by the Royal Mail in 2012 to mark the 200th anniversary of the birth of Charles Dickens. In 1889 he married Agnes Roberts (born 1872), and their children were David (b. 1891), Dora (b. 1891), Constance (b. 1893), Grace (b. 1895), Josephine (b. 1897), Rose (b. 1898), Joseph Cecil (1900–1989), Cecil William (1900–1989), Alice Ivy (1906–1927), and Joseph (b. 1911). Around 1892, Clarke moved with his family to Chichester in West Sussex. Joseph Clayton Clarke died in the New End Hospital in Hammersmith in London in August 1937. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Joseph Clayton Clarke」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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